Climate change: health effects in the UK: Chapter 14: Net zero: health impacts of policies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions

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Table of Contents

• Chapter 14. Net zero: health impacts of policies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions 1
• Summary 2
• 1. Introduction 6 4
• 1.1 Summary of previous HECC reports 6 4
• 1.2 How the field has evolved since the last report 7 4
• 1.3 State of the current science: aims and objectives of the chapter 8 4
• 2. Net zero 9 4
• 3. Health impacts associated with net zero actions 12 4
• 3.1 Energy supply and use 12 4
• 3.2 Transport 14 4
• 3.3 Housing 19 4
• 3.4 Agricultural, food system emissions and lower-GHG diets 21 4
• 3.5 Nature-based solutions 25 4
• 3.6 Carbon capture and storage 29 4
• 3.7 Net zero health care system 30 4
• 3.8 Economics of health and net zero 33 4
• 4. Discussion 35 4
• 4.1 Policy review 35 4
• 4.2 Adaptation considerations 36 4
• 5. Conclusions 37 4
• 5.1 Research priorities 37 4
• 5.2 Implications for public health practice 37 4
• Acronyms and abbreviations 39 4
• References 40 4
• About the UK Health Security Agency 52 4
• Chapter 14. Net zero: health impacts of policies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions 5
• Lead authors 5
• Contributing authors 5
• Acknowledgements 5
• 1. Introduction 6
• 1.1 Summary of previous HECC reports 6
• 1.2 How the field has evolved since the last report 7
• 1.3 State of the current science: aims and objectives of the chapter 8
• 2. Net zero 9
• 3. Health impacts associated with net zero actions 12
• 3.1 Energy supply and use 12
• 3.1.1 Reducing demand for energy 12
• 3.1.2 Switching to low-carbon energy sources 13
• 3.2 Transport 14
• 3.2.1 Decarbonising transport 14
• 3.2.2 Low emission zones and UK and EU engineering standards 16
• 3.2.3 Active travel 16
• 3.2.4 Public transport and sustainability 18
• 3.3 Housing 19
• 3.4 Agricultural, food system emissions and lower-GHG diets 21
• 3.4.1 Changing farming practices 22
• 3.4.2 Land use changes 23
• 3.4.3 Consumer behaviour change 23
• 3.5 Nature-based solutions 25
• 3.5.1 Forests and woodland 26
• 3.5.2 Urban greenspace 27
• 3.5.3 Nature-based solutions and biodiversity 28
• 3.6 Carbon capture and storage 29
• 3.7 Net zero health care system 30
• Figure 2. Sources of carbon emissions by proportion of NHSE Carbon Footprint Plus (14) 31
• 3.8 Economics of health and net zero 33
• Table 1. Selected studies quantifying economic value of health co-benefits in appraisal of net zero measures 34
• 4. Discussion 35
• 4.1 Policy review 35
• 4.2 Adaptation considerations 36
• 5. Conclusions 37
• 5.1 Research priorities 37
• 5.2 Implications for public health practice 37
• Acronyms and abbreviations 39
• References 40
• About the UK Health Security Agency 52