Transmission Based Precautions (Tbps) Definitions Literature Review

Influenza A RNA was detected in air samples associated with six of 13 influenza A infected patients and for two patients at 2.1-2.5 metres in particles <1µm in size. [...] the positive sputum samples and cough aerosol samples of cystic fibrosis patients with either a history of S. [...] It is unclear, however, how many subjects were associated with the 52 positive samples.74 In a separate study, viable influenza was detected at close range (cone sample collection), in small particle size samples (<5µm) from two of 37 influenza participants but this was during mixed breathing and coughing rather than mixed breathing and speaking.77 In another study, viable influenza was detec [...] aeruginosa was detected in small particles (<3.3µm) at one, two and four metres from source in Knibbs et al’s 2014 study.97 Two studies reported that the majority of culturable P. [...] ARHAI Scotland 35 The study detected viral RNA in particles smaller than 4.7µm at 1.21 and 2.43 metres from the patient’s head on days 5 and 7 post rash onset when the patient was experiencing mild to moderate coughing episodes.70 In a study involving 16 CF patients with a history of S. [...] aureus bacteria remained viable within particles in the air for 45 minutes.95 Cough aerosols of 15 CF patients with GNB positive sputum samples (18 associated GNB species) and 16 patients with S. [...] aeruginosa in cough aerosols over time.96, 97 In Stockwell et al’s study, following a two-minute coughing period by patients, three separate extractions of aerosol samples from the rotating drum chamber, were conducted at 5, 15 and 45 minutes. No viable P. [...] also examined the effect of respiratory activity on aerosol pathogen positivity rates, but in relation to COVID-19 RNA detection and parainfluenza and rhinovirus RNA detection respectively.94, 115 Gralton et al’s Australian 2013 study showed that viral parainfluenza and rhinovirus RNA can be detected from infected persons’ breathing or cough exhalations.94 There was no significant difference [...] Australian Guidelines for the Prevention and Control of Infection in Healthcare. 2019. [...] Routine Practices and Additional Precautions for Preventing the Transmission of Infection in Healthcare Settings. 2017.