Central Africa

Regional training course (Africa) Import risk analysis for African swine fever 23 November 2021 An overview of swine production and marketing value chains, West and Central Africa Folorunso Fasina Country Team Leader, FAO-ECTAD, TanzaniaIntroduction to pig value chain in West & Central Africa ▪ Pig production is largely smallholder activities with scattered commercial activities in many parts o [...] ▪ Largely subsistence and semi-commercial activities, although these may be scaled-up to commercial activities. ▪ Pig management/husbandry is often combined with crop production, other livestock farming or trading/slaughtering activities ▪ It contributes significantly to women and youth empowerment in the rural & peri-urban settings. ▪ Pork value chain includes: Input supplier, middlemen, trader [...] ▪ Standardized prizing is often difficult especially where farmers can not organise into cooperatives. ▪ Pricing is highest at some period of the year (Christmas, New year, after the scourge of ASF) and lowest at other time (beginning of school year, during ASF outbreak, when supplies outstrip demands, beginning of crop farming season) Introduction to pig value chain in West & Central Africa 3M [...] Only few pigs (possibly owned in the neighbourhood) are allowed to roam at night.23 Unorganised lairage/temporary holding facility keep multi-sourced pigs. In some cases, unsold pigs may be returned to source farm or kept in a holding facility near the live animal market.24 Live pigs have access to slaughter floor with high risk of exposure to and infection with multiple pathogens25 Unhygi [...] Post mortem inspection may or may not be done.26 Carcasses can be packaged and sent to different market, or may be displayed on the open sales table near the slaughter facility.27 Risk of disease introduction and transmission back to farm or human food chain is high from the processing facilities. Pictures above showed (a) hydatid cysts from slaughtered pigs which may lead to cystic echinococ [...] Farmers risk carrying the infective virus back to their farms inadvertently28 Risk of disease introduction and transmission back to farm or human food chain is high from the processing facilities. Pictures above showed (a) hydatid cysts from slaughtered pigs which may lead to cystic echinococcosis in humans. (b) Splenomegaly due to ASF virus infection. [...] Farmers risk carrying the infective virus back to their farms inadvertently293031 Unprocessed wastes from the abattoir are discharged into the drainages. These have the likelihood of contaminating the carcasses meant for human consumption or flowing into the water sources and contaminating pig farms downstream.32 Refuse dump in the live animal market. [...] Organised Processing & Markets 33▪ In some situation, farmers have organised into pressure groups and cooperatives and have some forms of control in the slaughter, processing and marketing systems. ▪ They also carry out promotion for the products. ▪ The largest of such Cooperative in Africa is in Oke Aro pig farm settlement in Lagos/Ogun Nigeria 3435 Promotion to improve pig consumption36373 [...] All country have the legal and informal routes for movement of pigs including those with trans-national implications, particularly, those living close to the borders.Anthropogenic behaviour facilitating ASF in West & Central Africa • Indiscriminate sourcing of pigs. • Indiscriminate sourcing of feeds and interactions at the feed mills. • Use of untested waters –streams, well etc. [...] • Siting of slaughter slabs within the pig farming area.